Best Linguistics Majors and Programs at Small Liberal Arts Schools TKG

Best Linguistics Majors and Programs at Small Liberal Arts Schools   Linguistics is a field that focuses on the science behind language, its structure and analysis, and communication. It is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from anthropology, psychology, philosophy of language, history, and often, computational analysis/statistics. This combination of social and science makes it a prime candidate for a strong major within a liberal arts institution. We’ve gathered a list of the best linguistics majors and programs at small liberal arts schools throughout the U.S. below.SwarthmoreStudents can choose from either a traditional Linguistics major or Swarthmore’s unique Linguistics and Languages major, which has students add on an additional focus (three credits each) on at least two languages (ancient or modern). For the LL major, if one or both of the languages selected are modern, then students are required to complete at least one semester in a relevant region of the world. The school also has had students create and participate in month-long “Linguistic Field Schools,” where students most recently created a talking dictionary for the indigenous languages of Zapotec.  PomonaAlthough it’s a small major within the college (there are only 9 linguistics majors in the class of 2020), the linguistics department prides itself on the numerous research opportunities and hands-on experiences offered to its undergraduates. All linguistics majors must complete a senior exercise, which involves the completion of a mandatory one-semester senior seminar and senior seminar paper along with an optional senior thesis.  CarletonCarleton’s linguistics department is comprehensive and has many of the offerings of other linguistics programs, but what makes the school unique is its Dakota Language Project. The DLP is a coordinated effort on behalf of a number of linguistics faculty members at Carleton to preserve and revitalize the Dakota language, an endangered language native now only to 50 speakers (the youngest of which is 60 years old) who live on the Lake Traverse Reservation which spans North and South Dakota. Faculty and select lucky students are working together to endeavor to keep the language alive by creating a database and ongoing educational materials.ReedStudents at Reed who choose to major in linguistics must complete both a non-native language requirement and four units in an “allied field” which might include Anthropology, Psychology, Mathematics, Computer Science, Philosophy, Sociology, Classics, General Literature, or a language (English, German, French, Spanish, Chinese, Russian). They also have access to Reed’s Linguistics Lab which has a number of devices that enable transcription and data research for students.  HaverfordStudents within the linguistics department at Haverford have some opportunities to take classes within the tri-college consortium (Bryn Mawr, Haverford, and Swarthmore, all of this list), but Haverford affords their majors with some specific opportunities. These include but are not limited to, a junior research seminar that prepares students for their senior project requirement, and Haverford’s honor code, which enables students to complete exams unproctored and to gain access to research labs 24/7.MacalesterLinguistics majors at Macalester are encouraged to pursue independent study opportunities with faculty advisors to further hone and specify their expertise in area(s) of the field. All majors must choose to concentrate in either the Cultural or Cognitive track. The cultural track focuses on the social aspects of language and communication, whereas the cognitive track is great for students who are more interested in specializing from a logical and psychological standpoint.  PitzerStudents majoring in linguistics at Pitzer are required to complete comprehensive courses in at least three of the four core divisions of the linguistics department: 1) Phonetics/Phonology; 2) Syntax; 3) Semantics; and/or 4) Sociolinguistics. Pitzer als o encourages and makes it easy for linguistics students to pursue dual-majors in related fields, including anthropology, english, foreign languages or psychology. Being a member of the Claremont Colleges, students are able to take advantage of the many opportunities afforded to students at Pomona (listed above) as well.  MiddleburyWhile Middlebury doesn’t offer a linguistics major, linguistics minors at Middlebury have the opportunity to participate in some programs that are worth highlighting. Middlebury has the unique MIIS+1 program, where linguistics minors can opt for accelerated entrance into a variety masters programs at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies in Monterey, including Masters in Teaching Foreign Language, Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages, Translation Interpretation, Conference Interpretation, and Translation Localization Management. Minors can also complete senior theses in this area of interest.    Let us know if you have any questi ons or are having a hard time finding a major that aligns with your interests at a school that excites you. We want to help you find the best fit school for you.

Symbolism and Irony in The Cask of Amontillado - 1291 Words

Symbolism is something that represents more than what it really is. It is often by authors in their writing to give it more emphasis. For example: In life there will always be peaks and valleys meaning in life there will be ups and downs but we should enjoy the peaks and fight through the valleys. Objects can also be a form of symbolism such as The Bible, it represents more than just a book. It represents Life, Church, Religion, and the life of Jesus Christ and what he stood for. Irony is like a twist or words or the opposite of what is intended. For example: Laughing at someone that just slipped and fell, then later you find yourself slipping and falling is a form of irony. Irony is found in real life situations as well as writings.†¦show more content†¦Gullibility would also represent Fortunato because if it wasn’t for his gullibility he probably would’ve never gone with Montresor into the Catacombs where it was so dark and mysterious .Him dying in the end of the story could’ve been avoided if he would have been more aware of what he was getting himself into. Fortunato should have been paying more attention to the way Montresor was acting and how offering he was being towards him. The â€Å"Amontillado represents a rare attitude† Russ implies, because it was used to capture Fortunatos attention and lure him into the catacombs where he would be killed for insulting Montresor. Amontillado is a unique and precious wine which is not a surprise that Fortunato is so interested in his wines authenticity. Another argument was that Fortunato slept with Montresors wife, which would be an insult to anyone. A wife a precious person in your life obviously, such as Amontillado would be precious to someone else. In this case that person would be Fortunato (Russ). Montresor walked Fortunato through the entire catacombs and the whole time along the way Fortunato was becoming more intoxicated because of the medoc Montresor had given him due to the fact that he had a continuous cough. This medoc was supposed to â€Å"sooth† his cough but was only to get him drunk enough for Montresors plan to work. Fortunato being the fortunate one was surrounded by death and the ancestors of Montresor. The â€Å"Flagon de Grave†Show MoreRelatedSymbolism and Irony in Cask of Amontillado866 Words   |  3 Pages In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, the author, Edgar Allen Poe, uses symbolism and irony to connect to the readers. Symbolism is an object or word that has two meanings. Poe uses this device when he writes, â€Å"Fortunado is dressed as a fool†(20). It is symbolic representation of what Fortunado is. Irony is a twist in a situation that creates tension between the two conflicts. Poe uses irony throughout his story as a way of enticing readers. The narrator, Montresor, tells about how he got revenge 50Read MoreExamples of Irony and Symbolism in The Cask of Amontillado1334 Words   |  6 PagesWriters often use symbolism in the story to give a more vivid description rather than just saying, pictures are a perfect example. Symbolism is the art of using any object, place, name or anything that represents something rather than its original meaning. A good example can be a roller coaster because it indicates that there will be ups in downs in life. Another example is the color Red this color can symbolize blood, passion or danger. Irony is another technique used in the story to give it a betterRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado - Irony and Symbolism Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesIt is Edgar Allan Poes intense use of symbolism and irony throughout the Cask of Amontillado that establishes the short story as an indeed interesting candidate worthy of thorough analysis. The skillful use of these devices are utilized by the author to create this horrific and suspenseful masterpiece. br brThe Cask of Amontillado is a horror short story, which revolves around the themes of revenge and pride. The plot involves two men: Montresor, the narrator, who is an Italian aristocrat seekingRead MoreHow The Cask of Amontillado Uses Symbolism and Irony1291 Words   |  6 Pages Often, writers use symbolism to describe an object with more clarity to the reader. It provides additional layers of meaning to a text. Symbolism is not only important in literature but is also importa nt in everyday life. For instance, symbolism is found in colors, objects, and on flowers. For example a rose can represent love and romance. Symbolism is used in literature, movies, and even on street signs. Such as the colors in the street light: red means stop, yellow means slow down, and the greenRead MoreSymbolism and Irony Used in Edgar Allan Poes The Cask of Amontillado753 Words   |  3 PagesEdgar Allan Poe uses symbolism and irony in unison throughout â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† to demonstrate Montresor’s villainous intentions. As the narrator, Montresor explains that although a friend named Fortunato has insulted him and deserves to be avenged. However, he has hidden his goal from Fortunato, giving no â€Å"cause to doubt [his] good will.† Montresor, aware of Fortunato’s influence, knows he must â€Å"not only punish, but punish with impunity.† Instead, he lures Fortunato to his grave with theRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pages Symbolism is the use of objects to represent ideas or qualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled manRead MoreGothic Literature : The Dark Side Of Romanticism1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe theme of Gothic stories is either mysterious, horror, or even death. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe are authors that demonstrate Gothic literature. Some of their work include, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe and â€Å"The Birthmark† by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Cask of Amontillado tells how the narrator Montresor seeks revenge on his acquaintance, Fortunato. Montresor to desperate measures and did not catch. However, in â€Å"The Birthmark†, Aylmer, a scientist has become obsessedRead MoreThe Theme of Revenge in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a frightening and entertaining short story about the severe consequences that result from persistent m ockery and an unforgiving heart. Poe’s excellent use of Gothicism within the story sets the perfect tone for a dark and sinister plot of murder to unfold. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† simply overflows with various themes and other literary elements that result from Poe’s Gothic style of writing. Of these various themes, one that tends to dominant the storyRead MoreThe Casket Of Amontillado . Edgar Allan Poe’S â€Å"The Cask1680 Words   |  7 PagesThe Casket of Amontillado Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a short story illustrating how pride leads to the downfall of two men. At the story’s heart is the tale of Montresor, the protagonist, getting revenge on a former friend, Fortunato. Poe’s characterization of Montresor shows a sinister, proud man, obsessed not only with his revenge but also not getting punished himself. â€Å"It must be a perfect revenge, one in which Fortunato will know fully what is happening to him and in whichRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 Pagesstory of The Cask of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolism in the conversations

She Unnames Them by Ursula Le Guin, an Analysis

Ursula K. Le Guin, a writer predominantly of science fiction and fantasy such as The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, was awarded the 2014 National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. She Unnames Them, a work of flash fiction, takes its premise from the Biblical book of Genesis, in which Adam names the animals. The story originally appeared in The New Yorker in 1985, where it is available to subscribers.  A free audio version of the author reading her story is also available. Genesis If youre familiar with the Bible, youll know that in Genesis 2:19-20, God creates the animals, and Adam chooses their names: And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam would call every living creature, that was the name thereof. So Adam gave names to all cattle, to the birds of the air, and to every beast of the field. As Adam sleeps, God takes one of his ribs and forms a companion for Adam, who chooses her name (woman) just as he has chosen names for the animals. Le Guins story reverses the events described here, as Eve unnames the animals one by one. Who Tells the Story? Even though the story is very short, its divided into two separate sections. The first section is a third-person account explaining how the animals react to their unnaming. The second section switches to the first person, and we realize that the story all along has been told by Eve (though the name Eve is never used). In this section, Eve describes the effect of unnaming the animals and narrates her own unnaming.   Whats in a Name? Eve clearly views names as a way to control and categorize others. In returning the names, she rejects the uneven power relations of having Adam in charge of everything and everybody. So, She Unnames Them is a defense of the right to self-determination. As Eve explains to the cats, the issue was precisely one of individual choice. It is also a story about tearing down barriers. Names serve to emphasize the differences between the animals, but without names, their similarities become more evident. Eve explains: They seemed far closer than when their names had stood between myself and them like a clear barrier. Though the story focuses on the animals, Eves own unnaming is ultimately more important. The story is about power relations between men and women. The story rejects not just the names, but also the subservient relationship indicated in Genesis, which portrays women like a smaller part of men, given that they were formed from Adams rib. Consider that Adam declares, She shall be called Woman,/Because she was taken out of Man in Genesis. She Unnames Them Analysis Much of Le Guins language in this story is beautiful and evocative, often evoking the characteristics of the animals as an antidote to simply using their names. For example, she writes: The insects parted with their names in vast clouds and swarms of ephemeral syllables buzzing and stinging and humming and flitting and crawling and tunneling away. In this section, her language almost paints an image of the insects, forcing readers to look closely and think about the insects, how they move, and how they sound. And this is the point where the story ends. The final message is if we choose our words carefully, well have to stop taking it all for granted and really consider the world — and the beings — around us. Once Eve herself considers the world, she must necessarily leave Adam. Self-determination, for her, is more than just choosing her name; its choosing her life.  Ã‚   The fact that Adam doesnt listen to Eve and instead asks her when dinner will be served might seem a little clichà ©d to 21st-century readers. But it still serves to represent the casual thoughtlessness of taking it all for granted that the story, at every level, asks readers to work against. After all, unname isnt even a word, so right from the beginning, Eve has been imagining a world that is unlike the one we know. Sources Genesis 2:19. The Holy Bible, Berean Study Bible, Bible Hub, 2018. Genesis 2:23. The Holy Bible, Berean Study Bible, Bible Hub, 2018. Le Guin, Ursula K. She Unnames Them. The New Yorker, January 21, 1985.

Ethical Issue Of Animal Testing For Medical Research

he ethical issue of animal testing for medical testing is not new, for example the majority of the common vaccines were developed because medical research that utilized animal testing. Many philosophers have attempted to explain the rights of animals and some wrote on the lack of inherent rights. This issue is difficult because animals can’t speak for themselves but humans do have a place to play in the fight for animal rights. I will apply the principle of utility along with the moral theories of equality and speciesism in order show that animal testing for medical research is not an ethical practice. Principle of Utility Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that argues that all people should act in ways that bring about as much happiness as possible in the world and minimize pain. Mills (a supporter of utilitarianism) wrote that no matter the situation the right action would be the action that tended to minimize the suffering and pain, and maximize the pleasure and happiness, of all interested parties. Mills also thought that the suffering, pain, pleasure and happiness of animals should be protected and included in utilitarianism. Practically speaking, animal testing isn’t just done to one or two animals during an experiment but to a large number of them, animals are tortured and subjected to pain in order to test medicines, medical treatments and more. I believe that animal testing when seen through the utilitarian lens is flawed an corrupt. Animal Liberation written byShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation And Animal Testing1261 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst animal experimentation. The report begins with an introduction briefly outlining what animal experimentation refers to, introducing the three perspectives and highlighting the intention behind this investigation. The report then explores the positive and negative medical aspect of animal experimentation stating that it has resulted in vital vaccines benefitting both humans and animals, but also accepting it is not always reliable. The advantages and disadvantages of animal testing on consumerRead MoreImportance of Animal Testing804 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of animals in scientific research has made dramatic improvements in our understanding of the human race. Despite the controversies that surround this issue, without this process of testing it is certain that much of what is known today towards the quality and quantity of life would remain closed off to us. Over the years, scientists have gained the ability to solve medical problems, cure diseases, and develop vaccines all with the use of animals during scientific research. To believe thatRead MoreEthics of Animal Testing754 Words   |  3 PagesEthics of Animal Testing For my paper I chose the topic of animal testing because I have always been very passionate for animals and against animal abuse. I have never believed in animal testing and that there were always other alternatives. I wanted to look further into and educate myself about what is being done about this and why it is an ethical issue. I have come up with an axiom to summarize this topic. Testing animals in research revolves around the relative or moral value of humans and animalsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1725 Words   |  7 PagesEach year, more than 100 million animals are experimented on in U.S. laboratories. These experiments are for things such as biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.(Procon writers) Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. Animal testing is controversial and people findRead MoreAnimal Testing: Pros and Cons Essay1021 Words   |  5 Pages The ethical treatment and testing on animals is a widely controversial subject in the field of zoology. Views on animal testing range from positivity to full negativity. Animals such as mice and rats have been found to have psychological and genetic similarities that relate to humans which make them perfect for the experimental trials. Before various products are put out for humans consumption, animals are the most common way for companies to see if their new inventions work. The benefits andRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned From Our Society874 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Rights Demand Protection My thesis is that animal testing should be banned from our society altogether. Animal rights advocates argue that testing is a subject that has been argued countless amount of times in medical journals, and it has shown that it is a waste of animal lives. Subsequently, processing of a single drug requires more than 50 trials and use of as many as 12,000 animals. Moreover, regardless of the ethical issues that derive from animal testing, the infliction of physical/psychologicalRead MoreAnimal Testing: A True Ethical Dilemma Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pageslaboratory animal. Animal testing is the use of animals for scientific research purposes and experiments. It can be used for the findings of cures and medicines to testing new drugs, to understanding the behavioral psychology of the animals themselves. â€Å"Around fifty to one hundred million vertebrate animals, ranging from fish to primates, are used in experiments each year† (Lloyd). There are many different terms used to d escribe the research on animals but two main ideas. In vivo research is whereRead MoreCase for Animal Testing1113 Words   |  5 PagesIn the early nineteenth century, animal experiments emerged as an important method of science and marked the birth of experimental physiology and neuroscience as we know it today. It has since become an issue of intense public controversy. Many individuals against animal experimentation claim that animals undoubtedly merit the same amount of consideration and respect as humans and should be treated on the basis of the principles of equality. However, there is significant evidence to suggest thatRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned860 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The use of animals in research has created a diverse range of attitudes, as some individuals support the use of animals in research and others are against it. Sometimes people do not have enough background knowledge on this topic to be involved in a discussion of animal testing. Animal testing dates back to around 400 years ago, when one of the first famous researchers William Harvey was curious to discover how blood circulates around the body. The modern era of animal testing began around 150Read More An Ethical Dilemma Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessor at the University of Westminster, â€Å"animal testing, or animal research, refers to the use of animals in experiments within academic, research, or commercial establishments† (Christopher, 269). Sounds simple enough, but Swami does not mention how this testing affects the animals or why this is such a controversial issue among the public. M.J. Prescott, from the National Center for the Replacement, Refinement and R eduction of Animal Research, makes a very good point when he says that:

Assessment and Reporting Classroom Environment

Question: Discuss about theAssessment and Reportingfor Classroom Environment. Answer: Introduction Classroom assessment is one of the most crucial components in teaching practices. According to the opinion of Brunner et al. (2007), classroom management creates a set of expectations which can be useful in a classroom environment. In order to provide an ideal classroom environment and more disciplines and rules, classroom assessment acts as an integral factor. The current study covers the tree types of testing approaches and the advantages and disadvantages of NAPLAN testing approach. Adding to this, the PISA approach discusses the international standard of classroom test that enables Australia to evaluate and scrutinise the performance of the other countries. In order to increase the students participation and confidence towards the learning process, classroom activities have a significant function. It has been observed that classroom activities can improve the learning experience of the students. In the opinion of Creagh (2013), the classroom activities can also enhance the socialisation skill by interacting with the different individuals. However, the classroom-based assessment is more costly to invest. The students become lazy for the annual evaluation due to the classroom based test program. As per the view of Hatzinikita et al. (2008), this process also influences the students to do cheat in the examination. The benefits of the system-wide testing in Australia help to identify the strengths and weakness of the students. The educational aspect of the system-wide testing becomes helpful to improve the learning process. NAPLAN (National Assessment Program- Literacy and Numeracy) is the Australian version of students classroom based test ing has been introduced in 2008 for the students of 3 to 9 years. Considering the words of Thompson Cook (2015), NAPLAN test is one of the broad aspects to determine the literacy and numeracy skill of the students. The outcome of the national test intends to provide valuable information for measuring the quality control of the students. The result of the test indicates that the students need to develop the literacy and numeracy skills more (Creagh, 2013). This test contains the content which is undertaken in regular classroom session as the process of learning and assessment. Moreover, a testing approach is beneficial for the students to keep a focus on the topic. This is one of the most reliable processes as fair evaluation has been done through the test. According to the opinion of Hatzinikita et al. (2008), the classroom based test approach is also significant to improve the teaching practices as it works for childhood development plan. Adding to this, as NAPLAN endeavours to provide data to the government for analysing the school performance. Thus, the teaching practices within the school become more efficient (www.nap.edu.au, 2016). Furthermore, the national testing assists to increase the students movement towards the school. The parents and the student get immediate identification of the level of a learning process. As the international process is driving the Australian education system, thus, incorporation of PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) testing approach is essential for standardising the test method. It has been identified that PISA result monitors the progress of educational goal of the young Australian pupil . In this current context Agarwal et al. (2014) added that this test approach aims to provide equality and high-quality schooling opportunities to the young people of Australia. Thus, the students become successful learners by acquiring adequate knowledge, skills, values and understanding for the dynamic life. Furthermore, PISA focuses on testing the students to increase the competitive performance with the students of the other countries (www.acer.edu.au, 2016). Therefore, the significance of the test policy by National Assessment Program has been justified. Also, the trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) provide consistent and appropriate data on the mathematics and science, so that the students can analyse the competency level for the international standard (Thompson Cook, 2015). TIMSS is a large-scale assessment programme for the students to inform the educational policy and practices by providing an international perspective on teaching and learning practices (www.acer.edu.au, 2016). Moreover, an inference can be drawn that the initiatives of classroom based test approach can be ideal to improve the students positivity towards the classroom and the learning process. The primary assertion of the study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of the national testing practices in the education sector of Australia. This process helps to increase the knowledge and skills of the students. It can be found that effective classroom-based test can create a set of expectations in the classroom environment. This is also significant to increase the teacher and student engagement within the classroom. Hence, it can be inferred that implementation of national test programme can be effective to increase both the students capability, aptitude and the learning proficiencies of the teaching practitioners. References: ACER. (2016). Programme for international student assessment (PISA) Australia. Retrieved September 29, 2016, from https://www.acer.edu.au/ozpisa/pisa-australia ACER. (2016a). Trends in international mathematics and science study (TIMSS). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from https://www.acer.edu.au/timss Agarwal, P. K., DAntonio, L., Roediger, H. L., McDermott, K. B., McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Classroom-based programs of retrieval practice reduce middle school and high school students test anxiety.Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition,3(3), 131139. Brunner, M., Artelt, C., Krauss, S., Baumert, J. (2007). Coaching for the PISA test. Learning and Instruction, 17(2), 111122. Copyright. (2016). NAPLAN. Retrieved September 29, 2016, from https://www.nap.edu.au/naplan Creagh, S. (2013). A critical analysis of problems with the LBOTE category on the NAPLaN test. The Australian Educational Researcher, 41(1), 123. Hatzinikita, V., Dimopoulos, K., Christidou, V. (2008). PISA test items and school textbooks related to science: A textual comparison. Science Education, 92(4), 664687. Thompson, G., Cook, I. (2015). Producing the NAPLAN machine: A Schizoanalytic Cartography. Deleuze Studies, 9(3), 410423.

Antebellum College Differences

A majority of students fail to complete college education due to various reasons. This situation has prompted several institutions of higher learning to conduct research in an attempt to identify possible causes and solutions to this problem. This paper compares two articles that attempted to identify and address challenges that contribute to the non completion of college by some students.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Antebellum College Differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the first article, Fischer (2007) explored the â€Å"differences in race/ethnicity in college involvement and outcomes†. Fischer’s study compared Black and Hispanic students with Whites/Asians students. In the second article, Roberts and Styron (2010) studied factors vital to students’ retention. College usually brings together students from different racial, socioeconomic and religious backgrounds. A djusting to this cosmopolitan environment might prove challenging to selected groups of students. Proper mechanisms need to be formulated to enable a swift transition of students and easy interaction on campus. Although many colleges have implemented programs to address this issue, students’ retention rates continue to drop. Fischer (2007) argues that students that have poor interaction with others on campus and those with negative experiences tend to be at a greater risk of dropping out of college. Social connectedness, students-faculty relationship and students’ financial status are interrelated factors that influence the students’ capability to stay in campus. Fischer’s Study Fischer’s concentrated on two groups considered as a minority. The study explored the difference between Black/Hispanic and White/Asian students in adjusting to college life (Settling in campus life, p. 1). Experts have formulated several models that attempt to unravel why students drop out of college. However, Fischer’s study sided with Bean’s model. Beans model argues that students’ college persistence relies on â€Å"organizational turnover and the interaction between attitudes and behavior† (Fischer, 2007). The model indicates that students’ expectations or attitudes (when they join campus) become disapproved or confirmed through their experiences on campus. When students interact with one another on campus, students either confirm their initial expectations or form new ones. Therefore, these confirmed or renewed expectations/behaviors influence the students’ decision to stay or quit. Fischer (2007) argues that the intensions to leave prove to be extremely predictive of the actual personality of a student.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to this model, students’ personality relies o n their background. The integration of students depends on their background; a factor that ultimately influences academic behavior and performance. Fischer’s study also appreciates â€Å"Astin’s input-process-output model† that supports Bean’s view. Astin’s model argues that students’ involvement and integration in the academic and social components of the institution are likely to persist in college. â€Å"The model affirms that Black and Hispanic students appear as first generation students, and they usually require grants to complete college education† (Fischer, 2007). â€Å"These groups of students encounter numerous challenges that may affect their integration into campus life; making them a minority group on a predominantly White campus† (Fischer, 2007). Roberts and Styron study Roberts and Styron’s (2010) study aimed at exploring â€Å"students’ perception for university experiences and services†. Th e researchers evaluated how an institution’s academic advisory program and students’ social interaction affect students’ retention (Roberts Styron, 2010). In addition, they also explored the â€Å"involvement of faculty and staff approachability, business procedures, learning experiences and student support services on students’ retention† (Roberts Styron, 2010). The authors affirm that proper academic counseling services assist students to make informed decisions and enhance their ability to stay in college. They noted that academic counseling success depends on the closeness between the students and their mentors. The scholars argue that college environment should be open for social integration and connectedness. College should not only offer a venue for fulfilling one’s academic achievements, but also a model for social advancement. Students normally support one another during their usual interaction. This model argues that when student s interact, they tend to influence one another mutually. When students interact with their colleagues who face similar challenges, they feel encouraged. Thus, the students gain psychological confidence in the institution’s environment and their social belonging. In addition, students’ engagement and involvement improves their self esteem.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Antebellum College Differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Staff’s approachability, students support services and institution’s bureaucratic services also influence the students’ willingness to stay in college. Roberts and Styron argue that positive learning experiences can only be achieved when students and faculty members/staff interrelate. Antebellum Colleges Both articles discuss the possible factors that influence students’ willingness to stay in college. Fischer’s article focuse s on factors that influence Black and Hispanic students (minority group) ability to remain in college. However, Roberts and Styron’s article concentrated on factors that affect all students including minorities. Fischer’s study sided with Bean’s model which argues that students’ college persistence relies on â€Å"organizational turnover and the interaction between attitudes and behavior† (Fischer, 2007). The model appreciates the importance of social interaction and involvement of the students in the institutions’ social and academic activities. Fischer argues that social connectedness and integration depend on a student’s background. These factors influence the student’s ability to confirm or change his/her expectations/behavior. Ultimately, the willingness to stay or quit when faced with challenges derived from one’s background. Beckie (2011) argues that the financial status of college students determines their capabi lity of staying in college. Beckie further indicates that students with unstable financial backgrounds find it difficult to raise college fees and upkeep money. The concomitant pressures usually drive such students out of college. On the other hand, a student’s capability to stay in college depends on the involvement of the student with the rest of the community on campus. Roberts and Styron (2010) also affirm the importance of social connectedness, academic advisory programs and faculty/staff supportiveness. Both articles affirm the need for social integration, superb academic advisory programs, closeness between students and faculty members. It can be noted that financial status of students, social connectedness while on campus and student-faculty relationships determine whether a student may stay in college or not.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion This paper aimed at comparing two articles that attempted to identify and address challenges that contribute to the non completion of college by some students. Roberts and Styron (2010) affirm that â€Å"Low retention rate not only impact students and institutions that must bear the economic burden linked to premature departures, but also the ability of a nation to compete in a global economy†. Higher education administrators should realize the need to design programs that address the factors contributing to college dropout. The programs should on the foremost allow free social inclusiveness and connectedness between students and faculty members. Students from different backgrounds need to integrate swiftly in institutions of higher learning. Barriers hindering the achievement of this goal should be identified and addressed. The formulated programs should be equitable, accessible and effective. The programs implemented to address the college retention issue should enhance friendly interaction between faculty members and students (HSRC, 2005). Student support services should be availed to offer customized students assistance. Students should be encouraged to participate in various aspects of college life in order to realize both short and long term goals. References Beckie, S. (2011). When Life Gets in the Way of Paying for College. Chronicle of Higher Education, 57(22), A1-A20. Fischer, J. (2007). Settling in Campus Life: Differences by Race/Ethinicityin College Involvement and Outcomes.The Journal of Higher Education, 78(2), 125-161. Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) (2005). Settling for Less: Student aspirations and Higher education Realities. Cape Town:HSRC Press. Roberts, J. and Styron, R. (2010). Student Satisfaction and Perception: Factors Vital to Student Retention. Resaerch in Higher Education Journal, 1-18. Settling in Campus Life (n.d). Web. 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Developing Effective Communication in Health and social Care Essays

Developing Effective Communication in Health and social Care Essays Developing Effective Communication in Health and social Care Essay Developing Effective Communication in Health and social Care Essay Communication is a way of creating an understanding with an individual or within a group, it is important that you have good communication skills when working with others in order to follow and obey instructions clearly and correctly without any misunderstanding. Communication in health and social care settings is used daily, for example teachers communicate with pupils, parents and work collies, In this health and social care environment it is important that commination is clear from both the teacher and parent in order to hold a fluent conversation that maintains eye contact, teachers will need to communicate with parents to discuss their child/children’s school work or issues that may need to be addressed in more detail. For example family problems that may affect the quality of a child’s school work, if communication is not effective it may cause confusion and problems could accrue if the message is not summarised. There are two different ways of communicating which are verbal and non-verbal; Verbal communication involves talking to present ideas, thoughts and feelings, good verbal communication is the ability to both explain and present your ideas clearly through the spoken word. The tone and paste of voice is also very important when talking as it can often show what mood an individual is in. For example if you talking to someone very loudly with a fixed tone the person you are speaking to will think you are angry with them, on the other hand if you speak calmly and quietly with a varying tone you will come across as being friendly. Non-verbal communication doesn’t involve any use of speech interaction, to communicate in a non verbal way would be writing, facial expressions, eye contact, listening, brail, makaton as well as through art and photographs. In health and social care the most common forms of communicating non verbally is sign language, brail and makaton. Sign language is a language which instead of using sounds uses visual signs that are made up of shapes, positions and movements of the hands, arms or body and facial expressions to express thoughts. Brail is a system of raised marks that is used through sense of touch, Brail allows people who have limited or no vision to read and write through their sense of touch. Makaton is the easiest way to communicate in health and social care settings as its both verbal and non-verbal, it is a method using speech as well as signs and symbols, Picture cards are used to relate facial expressions with the word to make the words more easily recognised by those with learning difficulties. With out speaking your posture still sends messages to others on how you are feeling this is called body language, for example slouching on a chair can show a lack of interest in what is going on in the environment around you, folded arms can suggest that you are feeling negative or defensive about a person or situation, this is also known as closed body language and people may hesitate on approaching you. How ever if you have good eye contact with the person who is talking, and nod when appropriate this shows that you are interested and that you are taking in the information that is being shared. Its very important in health and social care that you show you are listening and that you care, listening to people involves allot more than just hearing what they say, to listen effetely you need to hear the words/question being spoke, thinking what they mean, then thinking of a appropriate response, In a health and social care environment working with a individual that has learning difficulties/problems (such as speech problems) and you are not taking notice to what they are saying, the individual will get distressed and frustrated if they are not understood, which could also lead to low self esteem, this is called active listening. There will be times when communicating with others is not going to be easy, there are a verify of reasons that could effect communication, such as language differences, learning difficulties, environment, hearing or sight impairments, and jargon, however there are many possible ways to overcome these barriers to create a better understanding. A barrier blocks communication and stops messages from being received clearly, Language differences is a barrier as not everybody you meet throughout your life will speak the same first language as you. To overcome this you would need to use a lot of hand gestures, speak clearly, and paste your voice. Pictures could also be used to communicate. However in extreme situations the use of interpreters will make communication a lot clearer, for example in health and social care settings a patient may not understand what the doctor/nurse is trying to explain to them about their health. Environments IS also a common barrier as it is very head to hear what someone is saying if there is a lot of distracting background noise. It is also very difficult to make sense of individual’s facial expressions if the lighting in the room is poor. Also you may become distracted if someone walks past the door or window, in health and social care settings a school is a great example as pupils will be more interested in what is out of the window rather than focusing on what the teacher is saying.